RESUMO
Ashy stem blight (ASB), caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich is an important disease of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). It is important to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ASB resistance and introgress into susceptible cultivars of the common bean. The objective of this research was to identify QTL and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with ASB resistance in recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from a cross between BAT 477 and NY6020-4 common bean. One hundred and twenty-six F6:7 RIL were phenotyped for ASB in the greenhouse. Disease severity was scored on a scale of 1-9. Genotyping was performed using whole genome resequencing with 2x common bean genome size coverage, and over six million SNPs were obtained. After being filtered, 72,017 SNPs distributed on 11 chromosomes were used to conduct the genome-wide association study (GWAS) and QTL mapping. A novel QTL region of ~4.28 Mbp from 35,546,329 bp to 39,826,434 bp on chromosome Pv03 was identified for ASB resistance. The two SNPs, Chr03_39824257 and Chr03_39824268 located at 39,824,257 bp and 39,824,268 bp on Pv03, respectively, were identified as the strongest markers associated with ASB resistance. The gene Phvul.003G175900 (drought sensitive, WD repeat-containing protein 76) located at 39,822,021 - 39,824,655 bp on Pv03 was recognized as one candidate for ASB resistance in the RIL, and the gene contained the two SNP markers. QTL and SNP markers may be used to select plants and lines for ASB resistance through marker-assisted selection (MAS) in common bean breeding.
RESUMO
Introducción: Las medidas restrictivas que optaron para aminorar el contagio por COVID-19 pudieron mantener e incluso incrementar los altos niveles de depresión y violencia, poniendo en riesgo tanto al feto como la madre. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y factores asociados a la depresión en gestantes peruanas durante la pandemia por la COVID-19. El estudio: Estudio observacional-analítico, con 267 gestantes en su tercer trimestre de embarazo. Realizándose durante el mes de enero del 2021, aplicando la Escala de Edimburgo y la versión en español del Index of Spouse Abuse-19 (ISA-19). Hallazgos: El 62.17% de gestantes presento depresión y el 17.6%, violencia conyugal durante el embarazo. La violencia conyugal, el antecedente de al menos un embarazo perdido y el embarazo planificado, se asociaron a la depresión. Conclusiones: La violencia conyugal aumenta la prevalencia de depresión durante el embarazo a diferencia de un embarazo planificado o el antecedente de al menos un embarazo perdido.
Introduction: The restrictive measures chosen to reduce COVID-19 infection could maintain and even increase high levels of depression and violence, putting at risk both the fetus and the mother. Objective: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with depression in pregnant Peruvians during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study: Observational-analytical study, with 267 pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy. Conducted during the month of January 2021, applying the Edinburgh Scale and the Spanish version of the Index of Spouse Abuse-19 (ISA-19). Findings: 62.17% of pregnant women presented depression and 17.6% spousal violence during pregnancy. Spousal violence, the history of at least one lost pregnancy and planned pregnancy, were associated with depression. Conclusions: Spousal violence increases the prevalence of depression during pregnancy as opposed to a planned pregnancy or the history of at least one lost pregnancy.
